Abstract: Objective:To discuss the clinical and pathological characteristics, diagnosis, treatment results, and prognosis of pri -mary pulmonary lymphoma ( PPL ). Methods:The clinical characteristics, diagnostic approaches, pathologic subtypes, and treatment of 17PPL cases treated at the Tumor Hospital of He'nan between June 1999and December 2008were retrospectively analyzed. The Ka-plan-Meier method was used in the survival analysis, and the log-rank method was used in the statistical test.Results: Of the 17pa -tients, 7 were female and 10were male, with a median age of56years ( 29-73years ). According to the WHO 2001lymphoma classifi -cation system, all17cases of PPL were non-Hodgkin's lymphomas; 13patients had mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue ( MALT ) lym-phoma. PPL accounted for about 0.81% of malignant lymphomas and 4.74% of primary extranodal lymphomas during the same period at the Tumor Hospital of He'nan. The median follow-up time was 62.5 months ( 5.2-93months ). The overall survival rate of the 17pa -tients was 62.5% at 5 years; the 5-year overall survival was superior among patients with MALT lymphoma compared with those with the non-MALT lymphoma ( the 5-year overall survival rates were 75% and 50%, respectively;P = 0.047 ). Conclusion:The incidence of PPL is very low. It is easily misdiagnosed because of its nonspecific clinical and imaging manifestations. Acquiring enough represen-tative tissue specimens for pathologic examination is the key to a definitive diagnosis. At present, there is no therapeutic consensus for these patients. Most of its pathologic subtypes are MALT lymphomas; hence, PPL generally has good prognosis.