Abstract: Lung cancer is one of the most severe malignant tumors that threaten human health and life. The cancer stem cell theory provides a new research pathway in the field of lung cancer study. The existence of lung cancer stem cells has been confirmed in a few experimental studies. There is an increasing number of studies on the influencing mechanism of lung cancer stem cells, mainly including micro-circumstance regulation, signal transduction mechanisms, and cytokines, bringing new hope for more effective treatments.