Abstract: Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological characterization of primary esophageal benign tumor (EBT). Methods:A total of 1,058 EBTs were enrolled from500 ,000 cases in an esophageal and cardiac tumor biological sample and clinical information data -base of Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research ( 1973- 2015) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. SPSS 21. 0 software was applied for data analysis. Results:In this database, 1,058 cases with primary EBTs among the 249 ,246 esopha -geal tumor patients with detailed clinical and pathological information were identified with an incidence of0. 42% (1,058 /249 ,246 ). A total of 544 patients were male with an average age of50± 11years old, whereas 514 patients were female, with an average age of52± 11years old. Among the 10types of EBTs, leiomyoma was the most common type ( 84. 50%, 894 /1,058 ), followed by papilloma ( 6. 90%, 73/1058). Adenoma ( 0. 38% ,4/1,058 ) was the rarest type. Leiomyoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and neurofibroma mainly oc -curred in male patients. By contrast, lipoma, granulosa cell tumor, schwannoma, and hemangioma mainly occurred in female patients.All five cases of hamartoma occurred only in female patients. Given the incidence of≥ 50% as the common standard, the common EBT in sequence in young male patients was leiomyoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor, whereas that in young female patients was granulosa cell tumor and lipoma. The common EBT in sequence in older male patients was papilloma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and leiomyoma, whereas that in older female patients was schwannoma, papilloma, leiomyoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and hamartoma. Additionally, lipoma, hemangioma, neurofibroma, and adenoma in male patients and neurofibroma in female patients occurred in older patients. The different ages of patients with EBTs (P=0. 034 ) and leiomyoma ( P=0. 004 ) had a statistical significance. In these EBTs, leiomyoma, papilloma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and schwannoma mainly occurred in the middle esophagus, where -as lipoma mainly occurred in the lower esophagus. The major treatment for EBT in the present study was surgery (57. 54%,492 /855 ), which was followed by endoscopic resection ( 38. 01%,325 /855 ) and others ( 4. 45%,38/855 ). Conclusion: The incidence of EBT is low, with a couple of different histological types. Gender, age, and predilection sites are different depending on the histological types of EBTs. Surgery and endoscopic resection are the major treatment methods.