Abstract: Kidney cancer is one of the most common genitourinary malignant tumors. Renal cell carcinoma, which accounts for ap -proximately 85%-90% of all kidney cancers, is one of the most common pathological types of kidney cancer. In the past, patients with kidney cancer usually received symptomatic treatment, such as chemotherapy, interleukin therapy, and interferon therapy. In recent years, breakthroughs in renal cancer treatment resulted from improved tumor diagnostic and treatment methods. In particular, molec -ular targeting therapy provides a new treatment method for kidney cancer. Currently, sorafenib, sunitinib, pazopanib, bevacizumab, temsirolimus, everolimus, axitinib, and cabozantinib have been approved by the U.S. FDA. A number of medical studies show that molecular targeting therapy confers significant survival benefits to patients while improving tolerability. This article summarizes the latest data in the development of molecular targeting therapy for patients with advanced kidney cancer, providing a reference for clinicians.