Abstract: Renal cell carcinoma is a common type of urinary solid tumor with increasing incidence. Surgery is the most important ther-apy for early stage tumors. Multidisciplinary therapy focused on internal medicine improves the survival of patients with metastatic re -nal cell carcinoma(mRCC). In the past decade, VEGF and mTOR inhibitors were approved for the treatment of mRCC. These treatments substantially prolonged patient survival. However, the clinical benefits of these agents have reached their limits. Almost each patient eventually developed resistance to VEGF and mTOR targeted therapies. Checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD- 1/PD-L1 inhibitors, demon -strated an advantage in terms of the survival of mRCC patients with the development of novel immunotherapy agents. A combination of PD- 1/PD-L1 inhibitors and other immunotherapy agents or VEGF-targeted agents may reduce the tumor-induced tolerance of the immune system and improve the prognosis of mRCC as compared with monotherapy.