Abstract: Objective:Based on the detection of CD 4+IL 17+Th17and CD 4+CD25+Foxp 3+Treg cells in the peripheral blood of patients with human papilloma virus (HPV), the study analyzes the ratio of Th17to Treg and compares the different expression of cytokine IL- 17, IL-10, TGF- β , and IL-23in the serum. Methods:From September 2014to June 2016, 119 cases of untreated patients with cervical HPV in-fection were collected at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, which include 46cases of cervical cancer (CC), 43 cases with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)Ⅱ- Ⅲ, and 30with chronic cervicitis (CCS). The detection of HPV types classified80 patients as high-risk and39as low-risk. Flow cytometry examined Treg and Th 17cells, and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay was used to test related cytokines. Results:In the infection of high-risk cervical HPV, the rate of the CC group was 87% (40/46), which was higher than that of the CINⅡ- Ⅲgroup and the CCS group, which were 77% (33/43) and 23% (7/30), respectively. For the expression of Th17and Treg cells in the peripheral blood and the related cytokine IL-17, IL- 23, TGF- β , and IL- 10in the serum, the levels of CC group were also significantly higher than that of the other two groups, and the ratio of Th17to Treg increased considerably with the se-verity of cervical lesions. The expression of Th17and Treg cells in the peripheral blood of patients with high- risk cervical HPV were higher than that of patients with low-risk cervical HPV (P<0. 05), which was the same for the expression of the related cytokine IL-17, IL-23, TGF- β , and IL- 10in the serum. The ratio of the Th 17to Treg of patients with high-risk cervical HPV increased remarkably (P<0. 05). Conclusion: The expression of Treg and Th17cells in high-risk patients exhibits an increasing trend, and the ratio of increased Th17to Treg may directly participate in the process of HPV infection and immune evasion, which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer.