Abstract: Early diagnosis and precision medicine generally show significant differences in the prognosis of patients with carcinoma. Angiogenesis not only plays a key role in tumor pathophysiology but also acts as an important drug target. Peptides with specific sequences can target specific molecules on the endothelial cellular membrane during tumor angiogenesis. Radionuclide-labeled molecular probes exhibit many advantages in oncotherapy. This article focuses on the progress of radionuclide-labeled RGD and RRL in radioimmunoimaging and radioimmunotherapy targeting tumor angiogenesis.