Abstract: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a lethal malignancy characterized by rapid growth, early metastatic spread, and unfavorable survival outcomes. Optimizing treatment for patients with SCLC has been the focus for investigators. The emergence of precision medicine and personalized treatment brought significant breakthroughs into SCLC treatment and changed the therapeutic model. The development of molecular bioinformatics increased our understanding of complex molecular mechanisms of SCLC, and novel targets for personalized treatment have been developed. Clinical trials testing these targets are ongoing, which show the potential of personalized treatment for SCLC.