Abstract: Hypoparathyroidism is an important complication of thyroidectomy. Identification of the parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy may be the first step for preserving these organs and preventing the loss of their function. Generally, surgeons can confirm parathyroid tissues based on frozen biopsy during thyroid surgery; however, this method can lead to vascular damage as a result of cutting part of the parathyroid glands and is associated with additional cost and waiting time. To identify the parathyroid gland more conveniently, quickly, and accurately during thyroid surgery, some novel techniques have been developed. In this article, current studies that describe intraoperative rapid in situ identification of the parathyroid glands are reviewed.