Abstract: Blast phase myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN-BP) represent a type of secondary acute leukemia and are associated with a poor patient prognosis worldwide. Currently, there is no standardized treatment regimen for MPN-BPs, and treatment remains a major clinical challenge. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the biological mechanisms of MPNs, especially the abnormal activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway caused by driver gene mutations; this has opened up a new avenue in exploring the mechanism and treatment of MPN-BP. However, in terms of disease pathogenesis, MPN-BP are different from primary acute leukemia, and different therapeutic strategies for MPN-BP have also been investigated. This article focuses on the advances made in MPN-BP treatment.