Abstract: Multiple antineoplastic agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapeutic agents, and hormonal and targeted agents, cause inevitable endocrine toxicity, and clinicians should pay more attention to their effects on the adrenal glands. If adrenal insufficiency related to drug therapy is not identified or treated in time, it may lead to an adrenal crisis and even be life-threatening. This paper reviews the mechanisms and effects of antineoplastic agents with respect to the adrenal glands, and our results may guide the prevention and treatment of adrenal dysfunction in cancer patients.