Abstract: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the first identified human tumor virus. EBV infection is widely spread in the population and has diverse manifestations. EBV infection is associated with many types of lymphoma, including Burkitt's lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma, as well as solid tumors, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma and gastric cancer. It can also cause lymphoproliferative and autoimmune diseases in patients who have undergone organ transplantation. EBV is retained in the body in a latent form. In patients with impaired immunity, EBV infection is involved in multiple diseases or interacts with other factors to lead to complex and potentially refractory diseases. These phenomena have attracted the attention of clinical researchers. Although some anti-herpes virus drugs have been used in clinical practice, they are not effective against EBV infection; more drugs and vaccines are being actively studied. Study of the diversity in EBV infections has clinical significance; furthermore, it provides clues for the study of microevolution.