Abstract: With extensive lung cancer screening in recent years, an increasing number of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presenting with ground-glass opacity (GGO) as the imaging manifestation have been detected. GGO nodules grow slowly, and their biological behavior is completely different from that of solid pulmonary nodules in traditional lobectomy. The traditional lobectomy surgical procedure no longer meets the needs of individualized treatment in patients presenting with GGOs. Survival-oriented, individualized, precise segmentectomy, includes anatomical (subsegmental) resection and wedge resection, might be an alternative strategy for GGO nodules. Moreover, perioperative treatment comprising neoadjuvant immunotherapy and postoperative adjuvant targeted therapy provides a new perspective on comprehensive surgery-based treatment for early and locally advanced NSCLC, and results of phase Ⅱ and Ⅲ trials on this strategy have been published. However, during the development and evolution of treatment strategies, a series of clinical problems have emerged and need to be solved. In this review, we focus on the selection of individualized surgical treatment and the progress in perioperative comprehensive treatment for resectable NSCLC, summarize the relevant available evidence, and explore the prospects of applying perioperative comprehensive treatment in the real world.