Abstract: Objective : To evaluate the therapeutic effect of the fludarabine and cytarabine (FA) regimen on acutemyeloid leukemia (AML) at different phases during treatment. Methods : A total of 75 patients with AML were di-vided into 4 groups based on the outcome of previous treatments. Patients in Group 1 had no remission afterthe first course of induction chemotherapy ( n =21). Patients in Group 2 had no remission after no less than twocourses of induction chemotherapy ( n =21). Patients in Group 3 had early relapse (n=14). Patients in Group 4had late relapse ( n =19). Patients in groups 2, 3 and 4 had refractory AML or AML with relapse. We assessedthe efficacy and toxicity of FA combination chemotherapy in each of these 4 groups. Results : The complete re-mission (CR) rates of Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 81.0% (17/21), 42.9% (9/21), 28.6% (4/14) and 31.6% (6/19), respectively. The CR rate was higher in Group 1 than in the other 3 groups (35.2%, 19/54) ( P =0.002). Asignificant correlation was found between CR rate and number of chemotherapeutic courses ( P =0.027). Themain adverse reactions included bone marrow suppression and secondary infection. Conclusion : FA regimenis a good choice for patients with AML, especially those who have failed to achieve CR after the first course ofinduction chemotherapy.