Abstract: Objective: To identify prognostic factors for male patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy. Methods: Data from 426 male patients who underwent hepatectomy for pathology-proven HCC in our hospital between January 2000 and December 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. Their clinical, pathological, and laboratory data were an-alyzed along with prognosis and were compared with those of 71 female HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy at the same time. Results: 1-and 3-year overall survival rates were 55% and 56% in the male patients, and 31% and 41% in the female patients (P>0.05). In univariate analysis, the prognosis of male HCC patients was associated with alcohol abuse,γ-glutamyltransferase(GGT) level, alpha fetoprotein(AFP) level, tumor size, number of tumors, portal vein tumor thrombosis(PVTT), TNM staging and Edmondson's classification. AFP expression and Edmondson's classification were prognosticfactors for female HCC patients. In multivariate analysis, alcohol abuse, AFP expression, tumor size, PVTT and Edmond-son's classification were identified as independent survival predictors for male HCC patients. In female HCC patients,multivariate analysis showed that Edmondson's classification was the sole independent predictor of survival. Conclusion: Alcohol abuse, AFP expression, tumor size, PVTT and Edmondson's classification are prognostic factors for male HCC pa-tients. Edmondson's classification is an independent survival predictor for female HCC patients.