Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of HPV infection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) in Kazakh of Xinjiang province. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was employed to screen HPV infection in samples from 318ESCC cases. Using DNA extraction with phenol-Tris/chloroform and crude cell suspensions, we also compared the pres-ence of HPV in the same samples. The correctness of PCR products of HPV DNA were demonstrated by random-sampled sequencing. The χ² test was used to evaluate the difference in the distribution of HPV infection. Results: Of the 317 ES-CC samples, 204 (63%) were positive for the HPV L1 gene. The positive rate of HPV L1 gene was 53.5% in the group of DNA extraction with phenol-Tris/chloroform, and was 83%(97/117) in the group of crude cell suspensions, with a signifi-cant difference (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in HPV general infection rates among different pathological differentiations. Conclusion: HPV DNA infection is related to ESCC in Kazakh of Xinjiang province. It may play a role in the occurrence and development of ESCC.