Abstract: Objective : To evaluate the effect of plastic surgery of colonic ampulla combined with rectal valve reconstruction on defecation in patients with rectal carcinoma. Methods : In a randomized clinical trial, 68 subjectsseen in our hospital between 2005 and 2006 with low rectal carcinoma were divided into two groups. Generalstraight coloanal anastomosis was employed in the control group (n=35). The intervention group receivedplastic surgery of colonic ampulla combined with rectal valve reconstruction and coloanal anastomosis (n=33).Parameters evaluated included the duration of rectal liquid storage and defecation at 6 and 12 months aftersurgery. Results : The duration of rectal liquid storage in the intervention group was significantly longer than inthe control group (P<0.05). Defecation, the maximum tolerable volume and compliance of the interventiongroup were better than those in the control group at 6 months after surgery, with a significant difference (P<0.05). At 12 months after surgery, defecation in the intervention group was better than in the control group,with a significant difference (P<0.05), with the exception of defecation at night. Conclusion : Plastic surgery ofcolonic ampulla combined with rectal valve reconstruction can effectively improve both defecation and qualityof life in patients with low rectal neoplasms.