Abstract: Objective:To discuss the proper methods of the diagnosis and management of primary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of ureter. Methods:Retrospective analysis of 53 clinical cases in the period from January 1995 to December 2003. Result: Ratios of final diagnosis of primary ureteral transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) by intravenous pyelogram (IVP), ultrasonic examination(USE), CT(computed tomography) and MRI were 3/53, 19.1%, 82.1% and 74.1%, respectively. Retrograde pyelography could locate accurately for the carcinoma. Forty-seven cases were followed-up, the 3-year and the 5-year survival rate were 79.49% and 71.9% respectively. 23.4% of the cases were detected with bladder tumor during the follow-up period and 51.1% were normal. Conclusions: The right rate of diagnosis of IVP and B ultrasomotonography for this disease are very poor, but they should be considered as the routine examinations. Retrograde pyelography can improve it further, CT and MRI could know infiltration and lymphoid node. Radical resection of the kidney and the full ureter was the best method for this disease, Resection of a part of ureter or PCN (percutaneous nephroscopy) and ureteroscopy were espe- cially for superficial tumor, unitesticle or renal dysfunction on other side.