Abstract: Objective :To study the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of primary pulmonary lymphoma. Methods :Six cases of primary pulmonary lymphoma diagnosed from 1996 to 2003 were analyzed retrospectively, and the literature was reviewed with regard to its clinical manifestations, X-ray features, bronchoscopic findings, diagnosis and treatment. Results :Primary pulmonary lymphoma was easy to be misdiagnosed to other pulmonary diseases due to lack of specific characteristics. Solitary or multiple nodules and consolidation were the main features of X-ray. But it was hard to distinguish it from lung cancer. Bronchoscopic examination could not find specific features. Definite diagnosis was depended on pathologic examinations of the lung tissue obtained through surgical operation. Treatment modalities included surgical resection and chemotherapy. Conclusions :The clinical manifestations of primary pulmonary lymphoma are nonspecific. Appropriate invasive biopsy procedures arenecessary for early diagnosis.