Abstract: Objective: To transfect the EC1, the esophageal cell line, with NF-κB suppressor gene pcDNA3/mIκBαS32A/S36A and to observe the activity of NF-κB and its effect of cell growth. Methods: The lipidosome infection protocol was used to transfect the pcDNA3/mIκBαS32A/S36A plasmid into the EC1 cells for transient expression and detect the effect of the method on EC1 cells. The change in the expression level of NF-κB p65 and NF-κB p50 protein and mRNA before and after transfection was detected using the methods of Western blot and RT-PCR. Results: Compared to the transfected and the non-transfected pcDNA3.0 plasmid group, the growth velocity of the EC1 cells for transfection of the pcDNA3.0/mIκBαS32A/S36Aplasmid was apparently inhibited, P<0.05. There was no expression of the NF-κB p65?NF-κB p50 protein and mRNA in the EC1 cells for transfection of the pcDNA3.0/mIκBαS32A/S36A plasmid within 0, 24, 48 and 96 hours but there was expression of the intranuclear NF-κB p65 and NF-κB p50 protein and mRNA in the EC1 cells for transfection of the pcDNA3.0/mIκBαS32A/S36A plasmid. Conclusion: After transfection of NF-κB suppressor gene IκBα, the growth of EC1 cells and expression of NF-κB p65 and NF-κB p50 cytogene were inhibited. It suggests that regulation of NF-κB expression may be the target of gene therapy for esophageal carcinoma.