Abstract: Objective: To analyze the prognostic factors of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after extended resection for locally advanced disease and to investigate reasonable indications for the procedure. Methods: The clinical data of 33 patients that received extended resection on locally advanced NSCLC were reviewed. The survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-meier method, and Cox regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors. Results: Major perioperative complications were found in 5 patients (15.2%), including 2 patients (6.1%) that died within 3 months of surgery because of postoperative complications. The 1-and 3-year survival rate was 60.6% and 17.7% respectively, with a median survival time of 15 months. The median survival time of 13 months in patients with N₂ disease was shorter than the 24 months seen in the N_0-1 patients (P<0.05). Adenocarcinoma (HR=2.5) and N₂ (HR=2.9) were the risk factors. Conclusion: Extended resection is one of the currently available treatments for locally advanced NSCLC. Because severe postoperative complications may occur following the procedure, patients should be cautious in selection of the extended resection. Because of poorer prognosis, extended resection should not be used for patients with adenocarcinoma and N₂ disease.