Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and different therapeutic methods for treating cholangiocellular carcinoma and to examine the factors correlated with outcome in order to guide clinical treatment and improve prognosis. Methods: Clinical data of 41 cases with cholangiocellular carcinoma from the Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Cancer Hospital during the period from January of 1970 to January of 2005, were retrospectively reviewed. Followup data for all patients were available. Results: In the 41 cases, the positive rate of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was 9.8% (4/41), and that of liver cirrhosis was 22.0% (9/41). In the group with radical excision, the 1-, 3-and 5-year survival rate was 82.3%, 45.8% and 45.8%, respectively, and in the group with non-radical excision, the 1-and 3-year survival rate was 9.2% and 0%. Multifactor analysis with the Cox proportional-hazards model indicated that radical excision (P<0.01), lymphatic metastasis (P<0.01) and preoperative level of direct bilirubin (P=0.012) were independent factors affecting the prognosis. Conclusion: Surgical treatment is the main therapy for intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma and radical excision is the only pathway for long term survival. Radical excision, lymphatic metastasis and preoperative level of direct bilirubin are independent factors affecting the prognosis. Cholangiocellular carcinoma Surgery Prognosis