Abstract: Objective: To investigate the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and lung resistance protein (LRP) in acute leukemia and to observe the relationship between these expression levels and the clinical remission rate. Methods: Flowcytometry (FCM) was used to detect the rate of P-gp and LRP expression in 15 normal controls and 79 patients with acute leukemia (AL) and the data were used to analyze the clinical significance of the two proteins. Results: The expression rates of P-gp and LRP in the initial acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) treatment group were significantly higher compared to the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) group (P<0.01). There was no difference in the rate of P-gp expression between the relapse/refractory ALL group and the AML group (P>0.05), but the rate of LRP expression in the relapse/refractory ALL group was significantly higher than that of the AML group (P<0.01). The rates of P-gp and LRP expression in the relapse/refractory AL group were significantly higher than those of the corresponding initial group (P<0.01). No correlation was found between P-gp and LRP expression in acute leukemia patients (r_s=0.0746, P>0.05). The remission rate of the P-gp⁺/LRP⁺ group was lower than that of the P-gp⁺/LRP^- and the P-gp^-/LRP⁺ groups, and it was significantly lower than that of the P-gp^-/LRP^- group with AL (P<0.01). Conclusion: The expression rates of P-gp and LRP in relapse/refractory patients are higher than those of the initial treatment group. There is no correlation between P-gp and LRP expression in AL. The remission rates of P-gp and LRP positive patients are lower, with rapid extramedullary infiltration. There was more clinical significance if P-gp and LRP were detected simultaneously. Compared to simple detection of a protein, homochronous detection of P-gp and LRP protein expression is of more clinical significance.