Abstract: Objective: To study the clinicopathological characteristics and immunophenotype of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (SCNCC) in comparison to squamous carcinoma of the cervix (SCC). Methods: Clinicopathologic data of 4 cases with SCNCC was retrospectively analyzed,and comparison of histologic characteristics, immunophenotype and prognosis between SCNCC and SCC was performed. Results: In SCNCC the histologic characteristics included small round tumor cells, decreased cytoplasm, trachychromatic nuclear chromatin, inconspicuous chromatospherites and frequently encountered mitotic figures. Necrosis can be seen, with a lamellar tumor cell infiltration. Immunophenotype showed that at least one neuroendocrine marker was expressed in the 4 cases. The age of onset for the 4 cases with SCNCC was lower compared to SCC, but the rate of lymph node metastasis in the SCNCC was higher than in the SCC. A short-term follow-up indicated that the prognosis for patients with SCNCC was poorer than that for patients with SCC. Conclusions: SCNCC is an infrequently occurring tumor of high malignancy with peculiar pathomorphological features and a poor prognosis. Immunohis-tochemical detection of at least one neuroendocrine marker provides a definitive diagnosis of the disease.