Abstract: Objective: To explore the feasibility of breast fiberoptic ductoscopy- localized resection of breast intraductal neoplasm. Methods: From September 2004 to November 2006, data from 548 patients with nipple discharge who underwent fibreoptic ductoscopy (FDS) were collected. Data from those with intraductal neoplasm who underwent surgery were analyzed, including the image features, diagnosis, surgical procedures and postoperative pathological examination. Results: FDS examination showed that there were 187 patients (34.1%) with intraductal neoplasm, 159 patients (29.0%) with intraductal papilloma, 12 patients(2.2%) with intraductal papillomatosis and 16 patients(2.9%) with breast cancer.One hundred and thirty- five patients underwent surgery: 91 were treated with tumor resection or segmentectomy localized by FDS, and the other 44 received segmentectomy after infusion of methylene blue into the discharging breast duct. The diagnostic rate of FDS was 97.8%(89/91), higher than that of the conventional surgery group 86.4%(38/44)(χ² =6.96, P=0.008). Conclusion: FDS is an accurate method to diagnose breast intraductal lesions, and can be used in localizing breast intraductal neoplasms.