矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗
Microsurgical Treatment for Parasagittal Meningiomas
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摘要: 目的:提高矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的手术治疗效果。方法:分析29例矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的临床表现、诊断方式和显微手术疗效。根据肿瘤与矢状窦关系分为6种类型。I型,肿瘤贴附在窦壁的外表面;Ⅱ型,肿瘤侵犯窦外侧隐窝;Ⅲ型,累及同侧窦壁;Ⅳ型,累及同侧窦壁及顶壁;V型,窦腔完全阻塞,仅剩一侧窦壁正常;Ⅵ型,窦腔完全阻塞,累及所有窦壁。据此指导手术操作,I型均切除瘤床外层硬膜并电凝附着点;Ⅱ型经外侧隐窝切除后直接缝合窦壁;Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型切除受累窦壁并修补,健侧窦壁尽力保留,窦壁粗大引流静脉宜谨慎切除或血管吻合重建;Ⅴ型、Ⅵ型根据术前DSA、MRV检查及术中评估,窦腔完全闭塞全部采用切除受累不必重建,否则需重建。结果:按照Simpson切除分级标准:I级切除23例,占79.3%;Ⅱ级切除4例,占13.8%;Ⅲ级切除2例,占6.9%。无手术死亡,8例(27.6%)术前正常患者出现术后一过性偏瘫,其中1例未能恢复。随访3年至6年,仅有1例术后3.5年复发行γ刀治疗。结论:采用显微外科技术,争取肿瘤全切除,切除受累的矢状窦并进行修补,避免脑皮质、中央沟静脉及其他回流静脉的损伤,积极血管吻合重建,是提高矢状窦旁脑膜瘤手术全切率、减少并发症、提高患者术后生存质量的重要因素。Abstract: Objective: To improve the curative effect of microsurgery for parasagittal meningiomas. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 29 cases of parasagittal meningioma. For our surgical decision-making, meningiomas were classified into six types according to the degree of sinus invasion as follows. Type Ⅰ: meningioma attached to outer surface of the sinus wall; Type Ⅱ: one lateral recess invaded; Type Ⅲ: one lateral wall invaded; Type Ⅳ: one lateral wall and the roof of the sinus both invaded; Types Ⅴ and VI: sinus totally occluded, one wall being free of tumor in type Ⅴ. In brief, our surgical manipulation was the following: Type Ⅰ: excision of outer layer and coagulation of dural attachment; Type Ⅱ: removal of intraluminal fragment through the recess and repair of the dural defect by resuturing recess; Type Ⅲ and Ⅳ: resection of both invaded walls and reconstruction of the resected walls with patch. The excision or vascular anastomosis reconstruction was carried out cautiously. Type Ⅴ and Ⅵ: According to the DSA, MRV and intraoperative evaluation, the nonfunctioning SSS would be excised without restoration with venous bypass. Otherwise, after a total resection, vasotransplantation is needed for reconstruction of the SSS. Results: Simpson Grade I resection was achieved in 23(79.3%) cases, Grade Ⅱ in 4(13.8%) cases and Grade Ⅲ in 2 (6.7%) cases. No patient died after surgery. Eight patients with normal preoperative activity presented with an early postoperative progressive hemiplasia, and only one still suffered unilateral paralysis of the upper extremities. All patients were followed up for 3 to 6 years. Only one patient suffered a recurrence 3.5 years after the surgical operation and received γ-knife stereotactic radiotherapy. Conclusion: Application of microsurgical techniques, protection of the sagittal sinus, avoidance of damage to the cerebral cortex and veins of central sulcus as well as other draining veins and venous flow restoration are important factors that increase the success rate of surgical resection, reduce complications and improve survival outcome in patients with parasagittal meningiomas.