Abstract: Polymerase-1 and transcript release factor (PTRF, also known as Cavin-1) was first reported to be involved in gene transcription termination. Binding of PTRF/Cavin-1 to caveolin on the cell membrane was recently demonstrated, as was its participation in various functions, including the promotion of exosome secretion via caveolae formation and regulation of systemic lipid metabolism. PTRF/Cavin-1 gene mutation or deletion is commonly found in patients diagnosed with congenital generalized lipodystrophy. In glioma, PTRF/Cavin-1 has been identified as a marker for the prognosis of patients and promotes tumor malignant behavior by affecting endocytosis and exocrine secretion, reprogramming tumor lipid metabolism, remodeling extracellular matrix, and other functions. This review summarizes the versatility of PTRF/Cavin-1 in glioma. The information will be helpful for the comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism of PTRF/Cavin-1 in promoting tumorigenesis and in the development of PTRF/Cavin-1 targeted drugs for precise treatment of glioma.