Abstract: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer characterized by highly aggressive features and poor overall prognosis. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) play an important role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and can promote or inhibit tumor cells through the regulation of cellular immunity. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a common and effective treatment for TNBC that can shrink the primary tumor to downstage advanced breast cancer, achieve axillary conservation, or transform "inoperable breast cancer" into "operable breast cancer", thereby providing patients with a wider range of treatment options. Currently, the predictive value of efficacy and prognosis of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in TNBC is not only the focus but also poses a dilemma in this area of clinical research. In this regard, TILs, as an important cancer biomarker, are of great significance. In this paper, we will review and analyze the predictive value of TILs in the efficacy and prognosis of NAC for TNBC.