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摘要: 自噬是溶酶体介导的细胞自行消化,其构成了一个被损坏的细胞器和长寿命蛋白质的循环动态途径,在机体内环境稳态和肿瘤发生机制中发挥着重大作用,以保证细胞在营养不足、肿瘤微环境等应激条件下可获得持续利用的能量,并以此来维持体内平衡及生存能力。自噬不仅依赖于肿瘤中的环境、细胞种类和阶段,而且还受肿瘤细胞与微环境之间相互串扰的调节。自噬在肿瘤的早期阶段能抑制肿瘤发生,然而肿瘤晚期阶段自噬促进肿瘤发生,并增加肿瘤细胞生长和转移。本文将就自噬机制及其在肿瘤细胞增殖发展中的作用进行综述,深入研究自噬在癌症生物学中作用,有助于针对自噬相关靶点抗肿瘤的新药设计和临床转化研究。Abstract: Autophagy is a lysosome-mediated cellular self-digestion process that participates in the dynamic recycling of damaged organelles and long-lived proteins. Within the body, it plays a significant role in maintaining homeostasis and in tumorigenic processes. Autophagy ensures that cells can obtain sustained energy under stress conditions, such as nutrient deficiency and the tumor microenvironment, thereby maintaining their internal balance and survivability. Autophagy is not only dependent on the environment, cell type, and tumor stage, but is also regulated by the interaction between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Autophagy can inhibit tumorigenesis in the early stage of cancer; however, it promotes tumorigenesis and increases tumor cell growth and metastasis in the later stage. This article reviews the mechanism of autophagy and its role in the proliferation and development of tumor cells. In-depth understanding of the role of autophagy in cancer biology will facilitate the design of new drugs and clinical translational studies targeting autophagy-related molecules for anti-tumor therapy.
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Key words:
- autophagy /
- autophagy defect /
- tumor microenvironment
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图 1 自噬过程的分子信号转导[6]
图 2 自噬缺陷促肿瘤细胞增生的分子信号通路[7]
图 3 自噬促进肿瘤细胞增生的分子信号通路[6]
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