Abstract: The chemotherapy resistance of glioblastoma is one of the main reasons leading to treatment failure. To date, many studies suggest that hypoxia microenvironment can induce resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Glioblastoma cells grow fast, and poor oxygen cannot supply enough nourishment. Thus, hypoxia microenvironment occurs. However, hypoxia can affect chemotherapy resistance of glioblastoma through different kinds of mechanisms. In this review, we by summarize the formation of hypoxic microenvironment and the pathogenesis of glioblastoma chemotherapy resistance induced hypoxia.