Abstract: Radical cystectomy is the standard treatment for patients with myometrial invasive bladder cancer. The overall 5-year survival rate is only approximately 50%; however, administering neoadjuvant chemotherapy before operation improves the overall survival rate. Although all guidelines recommend neoadjuvant chemotherapy, some patients do not respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and thus do not benefit from the therapy. It is essential to identify the benefits of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients by using neoadjuvant chemotherapy response screening methods; however, there is no reliable screening method in clinical practice. This article reviewsprecise neoadjuvant chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy response screening methods for bladder cancer.