Abstract: Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) stems from the retro-thymic (or mature) T-cell based on the immu-no-phenotype, and comprises a large group of specific PTCLs. On a global scale, PTCL approximately accounts for 10% of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and in China it accounts for about 20% ～30% of NHL, which is obviously higher com -pared to the Western countries. Most PTCLs feature an active invasion and high malignancy. Traditional chemotherapeutic regimens have shown less curative effects and worse prognosis in treating PTCL, than in treating B-cell NHL, with a verylow 5-year survival rate in PTCL patients. Recent studies have suggested that Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) has a better curative effect and is superior to traditional chemotherapy for treatment of PTCL. This review summa -rizes the advantages and disadvantages of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT), allogenetic he -matopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT), and autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (APBHSCT) combined with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) (APBHSCT + ABMT). The benefit of Au -to-HSCT is the lack of immunological rejection between the donor and the recipient. Moreover, it has a rapid reconstruction of hematopoiesis, however, the relapse rate is relatively high. Allo-SCT is provided with the effect of graft-versus-lympho-ma, but the treatment-related mortality is also high. APBHSCT + ABMT has a greater significance for the older PTCL pa-tients, who might have more feeble hematopoietic functions thus failing to muster sufficient hematopoietic stem cells, and have a higher risk of bleeding and infection. Many related factors such as methodology and timing of the transplantation, plan and intensity of the pretreatment have great impact on the curative effect. Therefore, it needs further investigations on selecting the methodology, punctuality, preconditioning, and intensity of the transplantation based on individual conditions of different PTCL patients.