Prognostic Analysis of Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer Undergoing Intraoperative Chemohyperthermic Peritoneal Perfusion
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摘要:目的 探讨术中腹腔热灌注化疗(HIPEC)的对进展期胃癌患者预后的影响。方法 2004年10月至2007年10月收治的90例进展期胃癌患者行D2根治术后随机分为HIPEC(实验组)和单纯手术组(对照组),术后4周均予以FOLFOX4方案静脉化疗12个疗程。测定患者手术前后外周血中肝肾功能的变化,分析比较患者生存情况。结果 实验组术后7 d的外周血白蛋白(32.34 ± 2.23)g/L较术前(46.45 ± 4.81)g/L显著下降(P < 0.05)。实验组和对照组Ⅱb期患者5年生存率分别为66.7%和60.0%(P> 0.05),Ⅲ期患者5年生存率分别为45%和35.9%(P>0.05),Ⅲa期患者5年生存率分别为63.6%和58.3%(P>0.05),Ⅲb期患者5年生存率分别为40.9%和27.3%,中位生存期分别为51.0个月(95%CI:36.1 ~65.9个月)、20.0个月(95%CI:12.0 ~28.0个月),差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05),Ⅲc期胃癌患者5年生存率分别为28.6%和20%(P>0.05)。结论 术中HIPEC可提高Ⅲb期胃癌患者术后的5年生存率, 延长生存期。Abstract:Objective This work aims to determine the efficacy of intraoperative chemohyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (ICHPP) on the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer of different stages.Methods Ninety patients were divided into the treatment (Group A) and control groups (Group B), all of which underwent radical gastrectomy and D2 node dissection. The patients in Group A received ICHPP therapy after surgery, whereas those in Group B underwent a gastric carcinoma resection without ICHPP. Chemotherapy using a FOLFOX4 regimen, particularly, oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and calcium leucovorin, was administered intravenously in both groups, four weeks after surgery. Systemic chemotherapy was administered for 12 cycles. Hepatorenal functions were determined in the patients with advanced gastric cancer before and after the surgery. The survival rates in both groups were observed and compared.Results Peripheral blood albumin levels significantly decreased in Group A, 7 days after the treatment (32.34 g/L ± 2.23 g/L, 46.45 g/L ± 4.81 g/L; P < 0.05 vs. pre-operation), but were significantly lower compared with Group B (32.34 g/L ± 2.23 g/L, 41.45 g/L ± 5.25 g/L, P < 0.05 vs. Group B). For the stage ⅡB cases, the 5-year survival rate was 66.7% in Group A and 60% in Group B. No significant differences were observed between the two groups (P> 0.05). For the stage ⅢA cases, the 5-year survival rate was 63.6% in Group A and 58.3% in Group B. No significant differences were observed between the two groups (P>0.05). For the stage ⅢB cases, the 5-year survival rate was 40.9% in Group A and 27.3% in Group B. The differences between the two groups were significant (P < .05). For the stage-IIIC cases, the 5-year survival rate was 28.6% in Group A and 20% in Group B, without significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion Surgical resection combined with HIPEC may prolong survival of the patients with stage Ⅲb gastric carcinoma.
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近年来研究发现术中腹腔热灌注化疗(Chemohyperthermic Peritoneal Perfusion, ICHPP)可降低肿瘤复发率,延长生存期[1-3],为探讨HIPEC的安全性及对进展期胃癌预后的影响,对2004年10月至2007年10月收治的90例进展期胃癌患者实行根治术后,分为实验组(ICHPP)和对照组,研究ICHPP对患者生理指标的影响和总体临床疗效,总结报告如下。
1. 材料与方法
1.1 研究对象
1.1.1 入选标准
1)年龄≤70岁;2)无心、肺、肝、肾等重要器官功能障碍;3)术中病理证实为胃癌Ⅱb ~ Ⅲc期;4)患者或家属签署知情同意书。
1.1.2 病例资料
符合入选标准的病例共90例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为实验组和对照组。实验组:46例中男24例、女22例,平均年龄59岁。根据AJCC 2010年第7版的胃癌分期法:Ⅱb 6例,Ⅲa 11例,Ⅲb 22例,Ⅲc 7例;高中分化腺癌14例,低分化腺癌27例,黏液腺癌5例。对照组:44例,男25例、女19例,平均年龄54岁;Ⅱb 5例,Ⅲa 12例,Ⅲb 22例,Ⅲc 5例;高中分化腺癌15例,低分化腺癌15例,黏液腺癌10例,印戒细胞癌4例。
1.2 治疗及检测设备
RHL-2000热灌注机(哈尔滨宇航科技公司生产),控温精度为±0.5℃。温度控制范围:38~50℃,流速:50~1 000 mL/min。
1.3 方法
1.3.1 治疗方法
两组患者均由固定手术组医师行标准胃癌D2根治术。实验组置热灌注管后常规关腹,开始行ICHPP,化疗液为0.9%的生理盐水4~6 L/次,顺铂90 mg/次。腹腔内灌注量1.5~2 L,灌注速度为600 mL/min,进水温度控制在44℃左右,出水温度41℃左右,灌注时间为60 min。灌注结束后,打开排水管将灌注液排出,然后拔除插管。排空腹腔灌注液时保留约1 L。实验组术后常规进行水化碱化。两组术后4周开始予以FOLFOX4方案化疗,共12个疗程。
1.3.2 临床观察
取术前及术后第7 d外周血液各2 mL检测患者的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷酰转肽酶(r-GT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、白蛋白(ALB)、肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)。
1.3.3 随访
术后通过电话或者信件随访的方式,3年之内,每3个月随访复查一次,术后3~5年,每半年随访复查一次。
1.4 统计学分析
使用SPSS 13.0软件,计量资料采用t检验;生存率采用Kaplan-Meier曲线,生存率差异比较采用Log-rank检验。
2. 结果
2.1 患者手术前后肝肾功能指标变化
实验组患者手术前后检测外周血AST、ALT、TBIL、BUN、Cr,结果比较有上升趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);白蛋白有下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。实验组与对照组术后外周血AST、ALT、TBIL、BUN、Cr的结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但白蛋白检测结果两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05,表 1)。
表 1 研究组ICHPP前后和对照组手术前后肝肾功能指标变化Table 1. Changes in parameter of renal function in Group A before and after intraoperative chemohyperthermic peritoneal perfusion and Group B before and after surgery2.2 ICHPP对不同分期胃癌的疗效
2.2.1 ICHPP对Ⅱb期胃癌患者的疗效
Ⅱb期胃癌患者共11例,实验组6例,术后5年内死亡2例,5年生存率为66.7%;对照组5例,术后5年内死亡2例,5年生存率为60.0%。实验组的中位生存期为55.2个月(95%CI:48.2~62.2个月),对照组的中位生存期为49.6个月(95%CI:36.9~62.3个月,P=0.741)。
2.2.2 ICHPP对Ⅲ期胃癌患者总体疗效分析
处于Ⅲ期胃癌患者共79例,实验组40例,术后5年内死亡22例,5年生存率为45%;对照组39例,术后5年内死亡25例,5年生存率为35.9%。患者的中位生存期在实验组51.0个月(95%CI:34.9~67.1个月),对照组34.0个月(95%CI:23.8~44.2个月),差异无统计学意义(P=0.160,图 1A)。
图 1 两组Ⅲ期胃癌患者的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线图A:Ⅲ期患者;B:Ⅲa期患者;C:Ⅲb期患者;D:Ⅲc期患者Figure 1. Comparison in Kaplan-Meier survival curves for stage Ⅲgastric cancer patients between study and control groups. Chemohyperther⁃ mic Peritoneal Perfusion, ICHPP could significantly improve the overall survival of stage Ⅲb patients2.2.3 ICHPP对Ⅲa期胃癌患者的疗效
Ⅲa期胃癌患者共23例,实验组11例,术后5年内死亡4例,5年生存率为63.6%;对照组12例,术后5年内死亡5例,5年生存率为58.3%。患者的中位生存期在实验组为51.3个月(95%CI:43.6~59.0个月),对照组为52.9个月(95%CI:46.2~60.0个月),差异无统计学意义(P=0.895,图 1B)。
2.2.4 ICHPP对Ⅲb期胃癌的疗效分析
Ⅲb期胃癌患者共44例,实验组22例,术后5年内死亡13例,5年生存率为40.9%;对照组22例,术后5年内死亡6例,5年生存率为27.3%。患者中位生存期实验组为51.0个月(95%CI:36.1~65.9个月),对照组为20.0月(95%CI:12.0~28.0个月),差异有统计学意义(P=0.046,图 1C)。
2.2.5 ICHPP对Ⅲc期胃癌患者的疗效
Ⅲc期胃癌患者共12例,实验组7例,术后5年内死亡5例,5年生存率为28.6%;对照组5例,术后5年内死亡4例,5年生存率为20.0%。患者的中位生存期在实验组为34.7个月(95%CI:21.0~48.5个月),对照组为31.0个月(95% CI:16.6~45.4个月),差异无统计学意义(P=0.690,图 1D)。
3. 讨论
胃癌是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,腹膜播散是其重要转移途径,也是患者术后复发死亡的最常见原因[4-5]。对于腹膜转移癌,由于血浆-腹膜屏障的存在,静脉全身化疗和区域性动脉化疗均不理想。近年来,ICHPP应用于临床取得了一定疗效,已成为预防和治疗胃癌腹膜转移的主要治疗措施[6-7]。
腹腔化疗较全身化疗有药代动力学优势,而热疗具有对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒效应、放化疗增敏、提高机体免疫功能及抑制肿瘤转移等作用[8-10]。ICHPP综合热疗和化疗的优势,为胃肠癌的治疗提供了新方法。然而腹腔内粘连和引流管不畅是术后实施ICHPP的主要障碍。本研究采用术中ICHPP,此时无腹腔粘连、药物及温度分布均匀、冲洗腹腔内血小板和单核细胞,减少了伤口愈合过程中生长因子对残余肿瘤细胞的促生长作用,故能更有效地杀灭肿瘤细胞和微小癌灶[11-12]。
本研究中,实验组与对照组手术前后肝肾功能均无明显变化,提示围手术期进行必要水化碱化后,ICHPP对肝肾功能影响较小。值得注意的是发现ICHPP可致术后血浆白蛋白下降,可能与肿瘤消耗、手术创伤及术后禁食有关,可能也与ICHPP时冲洗腹腔丢失大量渗出液有关,提示应强化围手术期给予支持治疗,必要时输白蛋白等可改善。
本研究中,Ⅲb胃癌患者的中位生存期在实验组达51.0月,而对照组为20.0月,两组差异有显著性,提示ICHPP可延长Ⅲb胃癌患者生存期。可能与Ⅲb期胃癌患者的肿瘤侵至或侵出浆膜,多伴腹膜微小种植转移,同时淋巴结转移数目相对于Ⅲc较少有关。但由于观察的例数尚少,有待增加样本量后进一步观察。
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图 1 两组Ⅲ期胃癌患者的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线图
A:Ⅲ期患者;B:Ⅲa期患者;C:Ⅲb期患者;D:Ⅲc期患者
Figure 1. Comparison in Kaplan-Meier survival curves for stage Ⅲgastric cancer patients between study and control groups. Chemohyperther⁃ mic Peritoneal Perfusion, ICHPP could significantly improve the overall survival of stage Ⅲb patients
表 1 研究组ICHPP前后和对照组手术前后肝肾功能指标变化
Table 1 Changes in parameter of renal function in Group A before and after intraoperative chemohyperthermic peritoneal perfusion and Group B before and after surgery
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