脐血联合单倍型造血干细胞共移植治疗恶性血液病的研究进展

赵鸣悦, 符粤文

赵鸣悦, 符粤文. 脐血联合单倍型造血干细胞共移植治疗恶性血液病的研究进展[J]. 中国肿瘤临床, 2021, 48(4): 210-214. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2021.04.310
引用本文: 赵鸣悦, 符粤文. 脐血联合单倍型造血干细胞共移植治疗恶性血液病的研究进展[J]. 中国肿瘤临床, 2021, 48(4): 210-214. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2021.04.310
Mingyue Zhao, Yuewen Fu. Advances in the co-transplantation of umbilical cord blood and haploidentical hematopoietic stem cells in the treatment of hematologic malignancies[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 2021, 48(4): 210-214. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2021.04.310
Citation: Mingyue Zhao, Yuewen Fu. Advances in the co-transplantation of umbilical cord blood and haploidentical hematopoietic stem cells in the treatment of hematologic malignancies[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 2021, 48(4): 210-214. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2021.04.310

脐血联合单倍型造血干细胞共移植治疗恶性血液病的研究进展

详细信息
    作者简介:

    赵鸣悦  专业方向为造血干细胞移植。E-mail:zhaomingyue617@163.com

    通讯作者:

    符粤文  zhzhfyw@sina.com

Advances in the co-transplantation of umbilical cord blood and haploidentical hematopoietic stem cells in the treatment of hematologic malignancies

More Information
  • 摘要: 单倍型造血干细胞移植(haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,haplo-HSCT)近年来被广泛应用,减轻移植物抗宿主病(graft-versus-host disease,GVHD)发生率,减少移植后并发症、提高患者生存质量为目前临床亟待解决的问题。脐血联合haplo-HSCT已逐渐在国内外部分中心开展,其可以克服haplo-HSCT和脐血干细胞移植的局限性,并保留单倍型移植物抗白血病的作用,在加速造血重建、降低GVHD发生率等方面显示出一定的疗效和应用前景,并且可取得与人类白细胞组织相容性抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)全相合移植类似的疗效。本文就该移植方案的疗效及影响因素,并对移植后病毒感染、免疫重建、造血嵌合状态等进行综述,旨在为临床应用提供参考。
    Abstract: In recent years, haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo- HSCT) has been widely used. At present, there are urgent clinical challenges that need to be solved: how to reduce the incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), manage the complications of transplantation, and improve the quality of life of the patients? Co-transplantation of umbilical cord blood and haploidentical hematopoietic stem cells has been gradually carried out in some centers at home and abroad. It could overcome the limitations of haplo-HSCT and umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation and retain the effect of haploidentical grafts on leukemia. Co-transplantation shows certain curative effects and has potential applications in accelerating hematopoietic reconstruction and reducing the incidence of GVHD. Co-transplantation could achieve curative effects similar to those of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)- matched transplantation. This review summarizes the efficacy and influencing factors of this co-transplantation regimen and summarizes the issues of viral infection, immune reconstitution, and hematopoietic chimerism after transplantation, to provide a reference for extending the clinical application of this regimen in the future.
  • 异基因造血干细胞移植(allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,allo-HSCT)已成为恶性血液病的治愈方法之一,对于缺乏人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)全相合的供者及因疾病状态所致的不能等待骨髓库无关供者配型的患者,单倍型造血干细胞移植(haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,haplo-HSCT)和脐血干细胞移植(cord blood stem cell transplantation,cord-SCT)为目前广泛应用的替代移植方案,二者各具优势。移植物抗宿主病(graft-versus-host disease,GVHD)为haplo-HSCT后主要的并发症,是导致移植相关死亡的主要原因[1-2]。脐血干细胞移植后GVHD的发生率低[3],移植后造血重建延迟[4]。脐血联合haplo-HSCT可以克服haplo-HSCT和cord-SCT的局限性,并保留单倍型移植物抗白血病(graft-versus-leukemia,GVL)的作用,这种移植方案称为“单倍型-脐血干细胞移植(haplo-cord SCT)”[5]。本文就haplo-cord SCT在恶性血液病治疗中的应用疗效及其影响因素进行综述。

    haplo-cord SCT治疗恶性血液病的较早的相关研究报道是由Bautista等[6]进行的,其分析55例高危恶性血液病患者的疗效,结果显示粒系和巨核系植入迅速,5年无病生存率(disease-free survival,DFS)和总生存率(overall survival,OS)分别为47%和56%。另有研究表明[7-8],haplo-cord SCT可使粒系和巨核系达到快速且稳定的植入,早期非复发死亡率(non-relapse mortality,NRM)和急、慢性GVHD(aGVHD、cGVHD)发生率均较低,并具有良好的GVL效应。移植后生存情况与haplo-HSCT、全相合HSCT及cord-SCT的比较表明haplo-cord SCT或可作为一种有效的替代移植方案用于恶性血液病的治疗中。

    haplo-HSCT后排斥反应和GVHD发生率较高,导致移植后OS明显下降。近年来,降低GVHD发生率的方法多采用移植后应用大剂量环磷酰胺(PTCy)。目前,国内采用的多为“北京方案”[9],但GVHD发生率和巨细胞病毒(cytomegalovirus,CMV)感染率仍较高,是严重影响患者移植后OS的重要因素。

    Wang等[10]采用“北京方案”治疗急性白血病,移植后Ⅱ度以上的aGVHD发生率43%,移植后100天CMV感染累积发生率64%,3年OS为67%。Ruggeri等[11]的报道中,PTCy模式下外周血和骨髓血移植的Ⅱ~Ⅳ度aGVHD发生率分别为42%和25%,移植后2年OS为58%。蔡宇等[12]采用外周血联合脐血模式的haplo-HSCT治疗恶性血液病,Ⅱ~Ⅳ度aGVHD的发生率为24%,50% 的受者出现过CMV DNA阳性,2年OS为60.2%。Kwon等[5]的回顾性研究表明,与PTCy模式下单倍型移植组(PTCy-haplo)相比,haplo-cord SCT组粒系重建时间更短(12天vs. 17天,P=0.01),CMV感染率较低(23% vs. 55%,P=0.04),但CMV病的发病率差异无统计学意义,且Ⅱ~Ⅳ度aGVHD和cGVHD发生率均较低(9.8% vs. 29.0%,P=0.02;20% vs. 38%,P=0.03),两组患者的2年OS、无事件生存率(event-free survival,EFS)、NRM、疾病复发率差异均无统计学意义。总之,与haplo-HSCT相比,haplo-cord SCT模式的GVHD发生率有所降低,且移植后的OS与前者无显著性差异,但对于其加速造血重建和降低CMV感染率则有待积累更多临床资料。与haplo-HSCT相比,haplo-cord SCT后aGVHD发生率明显降低的可能机制如下:在aGVHD中起重要作用的是供者来源的CD4+同种异体反应性T细胞(ATs),其包含执行aGVHD的效应T细胞(Teffs)和缓解aGVHD的FoxP3+调节性T细胞(Tregs)[13]。与外周血相比,脐血ATs中FoxP3+ Tregs的百分率明显升高,Teffs的百分率则显著降低。此外,脐血作为一种免疫调节剂能够调节造血微环境,减少免疫排斥反应[14]

    在治疗恶性血液病方面,haplo-cord SCT可取得与全相合HSCT同等的疗效[15-18]。一项回顾性研究[15]分析了接受haplo-cord SCT与HLA全相合HSCT治疗急性T淋巴细胞白血病患者的疗效,结果显示两组造血重建情况、GVHD发生率、CMV感染率差异均无统计学意义,但EBV感染率在haplo-cord SCT组更高(16.7% vs. 5.3%,P=0.045),两组3年OS(66.6% vs. 73.1%,P=0.3)、DFS(62.0% vs. 59.9%,P=0.79)、NRM(16.9% vs. 9.8%,P= 0.21)、累积复发率(25.4% vs. 33.4%,P=0.24)差异均无统计学意义。Kwon等[16]的研究表明,haplo-cord SCT和HLA全相合无关供者HSCT(matched unrelated donor-HSCT,MUD-HSCT)治疗高危恶性血液病患者,移植后30天粒系累积植入率、移植后100天感染(真菌感染和CMV感染)发生率差异均无统计学意义,haplo-cord SCT组Ⅱ~Ⅳ度aGVHD累积发生率较MUD-HSCT组明显降低(5% vs. 40%,P=0.01),中重度cGVHD的2年累积发生率差异无统计学意义(8% vs. 21%,P=0.37);两组3年累积复发率、NRM、DFS、OS均具有可比性。一项回顾性研究表明[17],联合脐血的haplo-HSCT组与MUD-HSCT组相比,2年累积复发率显著降低(7.5% vs. 21.9%,RR=4.630,P=0.039),无进展生存率(progression-free survival,PFS)显著延长(74.0% vs. 47.1%,RR=2.642,P=0.04)。因此,对于高危恶性血液病患者,在无全相合供者或不能等待无关供者配型的情况下,haplo-cord SCT或可作为积极的治疗选择之一。

    Stephanie等[18]研究发现,高龄(年龄≥50岁)患者行haplo-cord SCT也可获得与MUD-HSCT相当的生存结果,对109例AML(42.17%患者移植时疾病未缓解)和高危MDS患者给予减低剂量的预处理方案,移植后两组造血重建时间、Ⅱ度以上aGVHD和cGVHD累积发生率(19.5% vs. 25.0%、4.9% vs. 7.4%)、2年OS(48% vs. 48%)、PFS(33% vs. 38%)、NRM(35% vs. 33%)、无GVHD及无复发生存率(GVHD and relapse-free survival,GRFS,33.8% vs. 32.1%)差异均无统计学意义。总之,haplo-cord SCT作为一种替代移植方式,与HLA全相合移植相比,在高危、高龄的恶性血液病患者中的应用疗效相当。

    脐血应用的前景在于其能够提供丰富的干细胞来源,这种干细胞可以跨越HLA屏障,移植后GVHD的发生率很低,并发挥强大的GVL效应[19-20]。但由于移植物中祖细胞剂量较低,往往会造成造血恢复延迟(特别是在成年受者中)[21-22],限制了cord-SCT在成人中的应用。一些采用双份脐血干细胞移植(double umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation,dUCB-SCT)的研究报道显示[23-25]其与单份脐血移植相比并未获得更好的生存率。

    与cord-SCT相比,haplo-cord SCT即使在脐血细胞数量相对较少的情况下,仍可显著缩短移植后粒缺时间,且不影响OS[26-29]。这与单倍型移植物在移植过程中所起到的“髓样桥梁”作用有关,移植后单倍型移植物最初的生长优势有助于粒系的迅速恢复,从而降低移植后粒缺期的细菌、真菌感染的风险[30]。Van Besien等[26]的研究发现,与dUCB-SCT组相比,haplo-cord SCT组造血重建时间明显缩短,且Ⅱ~Ⅳ度aGVHD和cGVHD发生率显著降低(P < 0.001),复发风险较低(P=0.001),GRFS(P=0.002)较高,移植后1年OS(P=0.85)具有可比性。一项更早的回顾性研究[27]表明,尽管haplo-cord SCT组高危型患者比例相对高(44% vs. 34%,P=0.06),但在移植后1~4年的各个时间点,其OS均高于dUCB-SCT组,两组移植后4年OS(43% vs. 21%,P=0.005)差异具有统计学意义,表明haplo-cord SCT可能达到改善OS的效果,且随着随访时间延长,此趋势变得更为显著。

    通过上述与haplo- HSCT、HLA全相合HSCT、cord-SCT/dUCB-SCT疗效的比较,haplo-cord SCT可能加速移植后造血重建,降低急、慢性GVHD的发生率,总体生存结局与HLA全相合移植具有可比性,并且也同样适用于高危/高龄恶性血液病患者。

    既往研究报道,haplo-cord SCT治疗恶性血液病疗效的影响因素与患者年龄、移植时疾病缓解状态、疾病危险度分层、移植后CMV感染等相关[15, 18, 26, 28-29]

    Xu等[15]的回顾性研究表明,与移植时疾病复发状态相比,疾病处于首次完全缓解状态(complete remission,CR1)可降低移植后复发风险,获得更高的OS和非复发生存率(relapse-free survival,RFS);移植后CMV DNA拷贝数≥1×104/mL对OS有不利影响,且可作为NRM的独立预测因子。Hsu等[28]对42例淋巴瘤和慢性淋巴细胞白血病(chronic lymphoblastic leukemia,CLL)患者行haplo-cord SCT的疗效分析显示,疾病风险指数(disease risk index,DRI)是唯一与预后相关的指标,低危、中危、高危和极高危DRI患者的3年OS分别为83%、72%、61%和25%(P=0.03),而性别、年龄、脐血剂量、脐血及单倍型供者HLA配型与预后均无关。Van Besien等[26]研究发现,患者年龄是唯一有意义的移植相关死亡(transplantation related mortality,TRM;患者年龄≥60岁与<60岁,P=0.001)和OS(年龄≥60岁OS可能降低50%,P < 0.001)的预测因子;PFS的预测因素包括ASBMT标准的疾病风险评分(P=0.002)和患者年龄(P=0.01);移植后复发的危险因素包括ASBMT评分高危(P < 0.001)和原发病诊断(P < 0.001),其中淋巴瘤/CLL患者的疾病复发风险低。一项综合了西班牙3个移植中心的高危患者的研究结果[29]显示,淋巴增殖性疾病的诊断(HR=2.6,P=0.006)和移植时疾病处于无缓解(no remission,NR)状态(HR=2.56,P=0.002)是导致EFS降低的因素,CR和NR患者移植后5年EFS分别为51.5%和21.0%。Stephanie等[18]报道高龄患者行haplo-cord SCT的疗效,多因素分析表明,患者年龄是影响OS和PFS的独立危险因素,年龄≥60岁较50~59岁的患者移植后NRM升高,PFS(P=0.05)和OS(P=0.05)较低;移植时的NR状态会使移植后复发率显著升高(P= 0.004);此外,移植前较高的共患病评分可能也会增加NRM(P=0.16)。虽然诸多研究均表明患者年龄和疾病危险度分层是影响预后的重要因素,但也有文献报道[16-17]对高龄和高危患者行haplo-cord SCT的疗效与行HLA全相合移植的疗效相近。

    病毒感染是影响恶性血液病患者allo-HSCT后OS的主要因素之一,结合上述文献报道[12, 15-16, 28],haplo-cord SCT未能显著降低移植后CMV/EBV感染率。Kwon等[5]的研究表明,haplo-cord SCT组移植后CMV感染率较PTCy-haplo组显著下降(55% vs. 23%,P=0.04),但可能与移植前预防性应用更昔洛韦有关[31]。既往研究表明[32-35],ATG的应用是CMV、EBV感染的主要危险因素。ATG的应用可使体内T细胞充分耗竭,利于单倍型移植物的早期植入,这是haplo-cord SCT后迅速造血重建的基础;ATG用量低于某阈值时单倍型移植物植入失败的风险显著增加,而较高剂量的ATG导致体内T细胞耗尽,移植后T细胞重建缓慢[8, 30]。CIBMTR资料显示,ATG的应用还与移植后GVHD的发生率降低有关,对长期OS无不利影响[36]。而上述提及ATG的应用是移植后CMV、EBV重新激活的危险因素,更有文献报道其会增加TRM[37]。因此,ATG的免疫抑制作用和其固有毒性导致其应用尚存争议。总体而言,与病毒重新激活的风险相比,快速造血重建以及降低GVHD发生率的优点还是多于其弊端[26]。研究表明,ATG的许多不良反应与其剂量相关,并且在合适的剂量和密切监测下是安全的[38]。Burns等[39]采用将ATG的剂量从6 mg/kg减少至4.5 mg/kg和移植前使用利妥昔单抗的方法,减少了EBV感染率,但对GVHD发生率无明显影响。目前,进一步减少移植后病毒再激活仍是正在开展的研究。

    国外的多个中心[40-42]均对haplo-cord SCT后的长期免疫重建进行了研究,均发现NK细胞和B细胞重建速度极快,分别于移植后1个月和2~3个月恢复或高于正常水平,而T细胞恢复较为延迟,移植后6个月左右逐渐增加,移植后1年T细胞绝对计数仍未达到正常值下限。NK细胞的迅速重建和常规allo-HSCT后观察到的相似,但B细胞的迅速重建可能是cord-SCT所特有的[41]。NK细胞被认为是GVL中重要的效应细胞,因此这种早期NK细胞和晚期T细胞重建的模式与临床观察到的haplo-cord SCT后更好的GVL效应和更低的GVHD发生率一致[42]。移植后早期免疫功能尚未完善,尽管保持高度警惕并采取及时的干预措施,仍可能导致偶尔出现的严重甚至致命的EBV相关淋巴组织增殖性疾病、弓形虫病和其他机会性感染[8]。而ATG剂量过高也会使移植后免疫重建缓慢[30],为使风险降至最低,最佳ATG剂量仍有待证实。

    关于haplo-cord SCT后的造血嵌合状态,国内外的报道有所不同。有研究[15]发现移植后仅有单倍型供者造血干细胞的植入,无证据表明存在脐血植入和混合嵌合状态。有研究报道[17],第三方脐血辅助的haplo-HSCT组有94.7%患者在移植后30天达到了完全单倍型供者嵌合,仅5例患者在移植后14天为混合嵌合,但移植后30天内迅速转变为稳定的完全单倍型供者嵌合。而国外的一些研究则表明[18, 29, 43],在多数患者中,移植后早期单倍型移植物的植入最终都逐渐被脐血完全嵌合所取代,并且统计分析显示[43],移植后100天单倍型供者的嵌合率与单倍型移植物中所含有的CD34+细胞剂量密切相关(r=0.623,P < 0.001),提示可以通过控制CD34+细胞剂量来影响两种移植物间嵌合的平衡。针对国内外haplo-cord SCT后嵌合状态的不同,可能与国内研究中回输的脐血细胞计数较低[15, 17]及预处理方案不同有关[17]。此外,国外研究中的单倍型移植物均采用体外去除T细胞,即富集CD34+细胞的方式进行回输,从而脐血有更多机会植入[18, 29, 43]。国内外大部分研究[5-6, 12, 15-16, 29, 44]中,脐血回输时间均早于单倍型移植物6~24 h,但国内回输的脐血中CD34+细胞中位数波动于(0.47~1.03)× 105/kg[12, 15, 44],而国外多数研究报道回输的脐血中CD34+细胞≥1×105/kg[5-6, 16, 29]

    综上所述,haplo-cord SCT在加速造血重建、降低GVHD发生率等方面显示出疗效和应用前景,并且与HLA全相合移植方式相比,其可取得与之同等的疗效。患者年龄、移植时疾病缓解状态、疾病危险度分层、移植后CMV感染与疗效密切相关。高危和高龄均非haplo-cord SCT的绝对禁忌证。对于haplo-cord SCT后病毒感染、免疫重建、嵌合状态等问题,仍需开展更为深入的多中心、前瞻性临床研究,最佳的免疫抑制方案仍有待进一步探索。

  • [1]

    Mo XD, Zhang XH, Xu LP, et al. Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome[J]. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 2017, 23(12): 2143-2150. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.08.026

    [2]

    Chen DG, Zhou D, Guo D, et al. Comparison of outcomes in hematological malignancies treated with haploidentical or HLA-identical sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation following myeloablative conditioning: Ameta-analysis[J]. PLoS One, 2018, 13(1): e0191955. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191955

    [3]

    Kawahara Y, Morimoto A, Inagaki J, et al. Unrelated cord blood transplantation with myeloablative conditioning for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission: prognostic factors[J]. Bone Marrow Transplant, 2021, 56(4): 357-367.

    [4]

    Mehta RS, Dave H, Bollard CM, et al. Engineering cord blood to improve engraftment after cord blood transplant[J]. Stem Cell Investig, 2017, 4(6): 41. DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.05.01

    [5]

    Kwon M, Bautista G, Balsalobre P, et al. Haplo-Cord transplantation compared to haploidentical transplantation with post- transplant cyclophosphamide in patients with AML[J]. Bone Marrow Transpl, 2017, 52(8): 1138-1143. DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.36

    [6]

    Bautista G, Cabrera JR, Regidor C, et al. Cord blood transplants supported by co-infusion of mobilized hematopoietic stem cells from a third-party donor[J]. Bone Marrow Transpl, 2009, 43: 365-373. DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2008.329

    [7]

    Liu H, Van Besien K. Alternative donor transplantation- "mixing and matching" : the role of combined cord blood and haplo-identical donor transplantation (Haplo-Cord SCT) as a treatment strategy for patients lacking standard donors[J]? Cur Hematol Malignan Rep, 2015, 10(1): 1-7. DOI: 10.1007/s11899-014-0245-y

    [8]

    Van Besien K, Childs R. Haploidentical cord transplantation—the best of both worlds[J]. Semi Hematol, 2016, 53(4): 257-266. DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2016.07.004

    [9] 黄晓军. 单倍型相合造血干细胞移植"北京方案"[J]. 中华器官移植杂志, 2017, 38(2): 65-68. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-1785.2017.02.001
    [10]

    Wang Y, Liu DH, Liu KY, et al. Long-term follow-up of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation without in vitro T cell depletion for the treatment of leukemia: nine years of experience at a single center[J]. Cancer, 2013, 119(5): 978-985. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27761

    [11]

    Ruggeri A, Sun YQ, Labopin M, et al. Post-transplant cyclophosphamide versus anti- thymocyte globulin as graft- versus- host disease prophylaxis in haploidentical transplant[J]. Haematol, 2017, 102(2): 401- 410. DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.151779

    [12] 蔡宇, 杨隽, 姜杰玲, 等. 外周血联合脐血模式单倍体异基因造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病[J]. 中华器官移植杂志, 2018, 39(6): 327-332. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-1785.2018.06.002
    [13]

    Zou XL, Lin XJ, Luo WF, et al. Donor-derived regulatory T cells attenuate the severity of acute graft- versus- host disease after cord blood transplantation[J]. Tohoku J Exp Med, 2016, 239(3): 193-202. DOI: 10.1620/tjem.239.193

    [14]

    Gutman JA, Turtle CJ, Manley TJ, et al. Single-unit dominance after double-unit umbilical cord blood transplantation coincides with a specific CD8+ T-cell response against the nonengrafted unit[J]. Blood, 2010, 115(4): 757-765. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-07-228999

    [15]

    Xu J, Zhao RR, Yang LL, et al. Haploidentical stem cells combined with a small dose of umbilical cord blood transplantation exert similar survival outcome of HLA-matched stem cells transplantation in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia[J]. Bone Marrow Transpl, 2020, 55(6): 1197-1199. DOI: 10.1038/s41409-019-0666-2

    [16]

    Kwon Mi, Balsalobre P, Serrano D, et al. Single cord blood combined with HLA-mismatched third party donor cells: comparable results to matched unrelated donor transplantation in high-risk patients with hematologic disorders[J]. Biol Blood Marrow Transpl, 2013, 19(1): 143- 149. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2012.08.019

    [17]

    Lyu HR, Lu WY, Yao JF, et al. Comparison of outcomes of haploidentical donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation supported by third-party cord blood with HLA-matched unrelated donor transplantation [J]. Leuk Lymph, 2019, 61(8): 1-8.

    [18]

    Stephanie BT, Joanna R, Hongtao L, et al. Reduced-intensity allogeneic transplant for acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome using combined CD34- selected haploidentical graft and a single umbilical cord unit compared with matched unrelated donor stem cells in older adults[J]. Biol Blood Marrow Transpl, 2018, 24(5): 997- 1004. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.12.794

    [19]

    Zheng CC, Zhu XY, Tang BL, et al. Clinical separation of cGVHD and GVL and better GVHD-free/relapse-free survival (GRFS) after unrelated cord blood transplantation for AML[J]. Bone Marrow Transpl, 2017, 52 (1): 88-94. DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.182

    [20]

    Terakura S, Nishida T, Sawa M, et al. Prospective phase 2 study of umbilical cord blood transplantation in adult acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome[J]. Biol Blood Marrow Transpl, 2020, 26(1): 139-144. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.09.021

    [21]

    Konuma T, Kanda J, Inamoto Y, et al. Improvement of early mortality in single-unit cord blood transplantation for Japanese adults from 1998 to 2017[J]. Am J Hematol, 2019, 10: 37-40.

    [22]

    Yamagishi Y, Konuma T, Miwa Y, et al. Risk factors and survival impact of readmission after single-unit cord blood transplantation for adults [J]. Int J Hematol, 2019, 109(1): 115-124. DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2539-7

    [23]

    Wagner JE, Eapen M, Kurtzberg J. One-unit versus two-unit cord-blood transplantation[J]. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372: 288. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc1412846

    [24]

    Zheng CC, Zhu XY, Tang BL, et al. Double vs. single cord blood transplantation in adolescent and adult hematological malignancies with heavier body weight (≥50 kg)[J]. Hematol, 2018, 23: 96-104. DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2017.1361078

    [25]

    Gérard M, Galambrun C, Sirvent A. Single- vs. double-unit cord blood transplantation for children and young adults with acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome[J]. Blood, 2017, 127(26): 3450-3457.

    [26]

    Van Besien K, Hari P, Zhang MJ, et al. Reduced intensity haplo plus single cord transplant compared to double cord transplant: improved engraftment and graft-versus-host disease-free, relapse-free survival [J]. Haematol, 2016, 101(5): 634-643. DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.138594

    [27]

    Van Besien K, Artz AS, Zhang MJ, et al. Haplo+cord transplantation: Neutrophil and platelet recovery and long-term survival compared to double umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation- a case- cohort analysis[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2014, 32(5): 7004.

    [28]

    Hsu JM, Artz A, Mayer SA, et al. Combined haploidentical and umbilical cord blood allogeneic stem cell transplantation for high-risk lymphoma and chronic lymphoblastic leukemia[J]. Biol Blood Marrow Transpl, 2018, 24(2): 359-365. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.10.040

    [29]

    Kwon M, Bautista G, Balsalobre P, et al. Haplo-cord transplantation using CD34+ cells from a third-party donor to speed engraftment in high-risk patients with hematologic disorders[J]. Biol Blood Marrow Transpl, 2014, 20(12): 2015-2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.08.024

    [30]

    Lindemans CA, Te Boome Liane CJ, Admiraal R, et al. Sufficient immunosuppression with thymoglobulin is essential for a successful haplo-myeloid bridge in haploidentical-cord blood transplantation[J]. Biol Blood Marrow Transpl, 2015, 21(10): 1839-1845. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.06.001

    [31]

    Milano F, Gooley T, Wood B, et al. Cord-blood transplantation in patients with minimal residual disease[J]. N Engl J Med, 2016, 375(10): 944-953. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1602074

    [32] 鲍协炳, 朱倩, 仇惠英, 等. 异基因造血干细胞移植后EBV感染临床危险因素分析[J]. 中华血液学杂志, 2016, 37(2): 138-143. https://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10285-1020153402.htm
    [33]

    Wu J, Ma H, Lu C, et al. Risk factors and outcomes of cytomegalovirus viremia in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients [J]. J Microbiol, 2017, 50(3): 307-313.

    [34]

    Melendez-Munoz R, Marchalik R, Jerussi T, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection incidence and risk factors across diverse hematopoietic cell transplantation platforms using a standardized monitoring and treatment approach: A comprehensive evaluation from a single institution[J]. Biol Blood Marrow Transpl, 2019, 25(3): 577-586. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.10.011

    [35]

    Gao X, Lin J, Wang L, et al. Risk factors and clinical outcomes of EpsteinBarr virus DNAemia and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders after haploidentical and matched- sibling PBSCT in patients with hematologic malignancies[J]. Ann Hematol, 2019, 98(9): 2163-2177. DOI: 10.1007/s00277-019-03742-7

    [36]

    Chen YB, Wang T, Hemmer MT, et al. GvHD after umbilical cord blood transplantation for acute leukemia: an analysis of risk factors and effect on outcomes[J]. Bone Marrow Transpl, 2017, 52(3): 400-408. DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.265

    [37]

    Pascal L, Tucunduva L, Ruggeri A, et al. Impact of ATG-containing reduced- intensity conditioning after single- or double-unit allogeneic cord blood transplantation[J]. Blood, 2015, 126(8): 1027-1032. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-09-599241

    [38]

    Segovia J, Van Besien K. Antithymocyte globulin for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis: mistakenly maligned[J]. Leuk Lymph, 2015, 56(4): 841-842. DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.994180

    [39]

    Burns DM, Rana S, Martin E, et al. Greatly reduced risk of EBV reactivation in rituximab-experienced recipients of alemtuzumab-conditioned allogeneic HSCT[J]. Bone Marrow Transpl, 2016, 51(6): 825-832. DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.19

    [40]

    Bautista G, Cabrera JR, Regidor C, et al. Cord blood transplants supported by co-infusion of mobilized hematopoietic stem cells from a third-party donor[J]. Bone Marrow Transpl, 2009, 43(2): 365-373.

    [41]

    Jain N, Liu HT, Artz AS, et al. Immune reconstitution after combined haploidentical and umbilical cord blood transplant[J]. Leuk Lymph, 2013, 54(6): 1242-1249. DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.739688

    [42]

    Sebrango A, Vicuña I, de Laiglesia A, et al. Haematopoietic transplants combining a single unrelated cord blood unit and mobilized haematopoietic stem cells from an adult HLA-mismatched third party donor. Comparable results to transplants from HLA-identical related donors in adults with acute leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes[J]. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol, 2010, 23(2): 259-274. DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2010.05.002

    [43]

    Liu HT, Rich ES, Godley L, et al. Reduced-intensity conditioning with combined haploidentical and cord blood transplantation results in rapid engraftment, low GVHD, and durable remissions[J]. Blood, 2011, 118(24): 6438-6445. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-08-372508

    [44] 马超, 李彩霞, 刘红, 等. 单倍体造血干细胞联合脐血输注治疗白血病的临床研究[J]. 白血病·淋巴瘤, 2014, 23(2): 88-91.
计量
  • 文章访问数:  142
  • HTML全文浏览量:  81
  • PDF下载量:  23
  • 被引次数: 0
出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2020-10-11
  • 发布日期:  2021-02-27

目录

/

返回文章
返回